The PESA and TESE: Sperm Retrieval Techniques

The PESA and TESE: Sperm Retrieval Techniques

For couples facing male infertility, advanced sperm retrieval techniques such as Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) and Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) provide valuable solutions. These procedures are designed to obtain viable sperm from men with specific types of infertility issues, enabling them to achieve pregnancy through assisted reproductive technologies like IVF and ICSI.

What is PESA?

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicles where sperm mature and are stored.

Procedure:

  1. Local Anesthesia: The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort.
  2. Aspiration: A fine needle is inserted into the epididymis, and fluid containing sperm is aspirated (drawn out).
  3. Sperm Retrieval: The aspirated fluid is examined under a microscope, and viable sperm are isolated for use in IVF or ICSI.

Indications:

  • Obstructive Azoospermia: When sperm production is normal but a blockage in the reproductive tract prevents sperm from being present in the ejaculate.
  • Vasectomy: Men who have had a vasectomy and are seeking to father children without reversing the procedure.

What is TESE?

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) is a surgical procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the testicular tissue.

Procedure:

  1. Local or General Anesthesia: TESE can be performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the patient’s preference and the complexity of the case.
  2. Incision: A small incision is made in the scrotum to access the testicle.
  3. Tissue Extraction: A small amount of testicular tissue is removed and examined for the presence of sperm.
  4. Sperm Isolation: Sperm are extracted from the tissue and prepared for use in assisted reproductive techniques.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits:

  • Minimally Invasive: PESA is less invasive than traditional open surgical techniques.
  • Effective Sperm Retrieval: Both PESA and TESE can provide viable sperm for IVF/ICSI.
  • Option for Vasectomy Patients: PESA and TESE offer alternatives to vasectomy reversal.

Risks:

  • Discomfort and Swelling: Some pain and swelling at the site of the procedure.
  • Infection: Risk of infection, though rare, can occur with any surgical procedure.
  • Variable Success Rates: The success of sperm retrieval depends on the underlying cause of infertility.

 

July 5, 2024